What are Patient Reported Outcomes ( PRO)s?
January 4, 2023
Patient Reported Outcomes ( PRO)s are becoming increasingly important for patient care.PROs are defined as data that is related to a disease state that comes directly from the patient without interpretation from a clinician or anyone else. This kind of data is especially important for a chronic illness and even more so for an illness like multiple sclerosis which can have fluctuating symptoms with "good days" and "bad days." If we are able to capture this data at several points in time it would...
Inflammation in the Meninges of MS patients
August 19, 2022
The brain is encased and protected by three layers of covering called meninges.The layer directly covering the brain, including every folding of the brain is named pia, the next layer is the arachnoid, and these two layers are called the leptomeninges.The outer meningeal layer is the dura, which is like a sleeve around the brain.Immune cells are present in healthy meninges and contribute to healthy immune surveillance of these structures.Several studies suggest that inflammation can occur in...
A New Look at Old Lesions: Ongoing Research on Chronic Active MS lesions
August 5, 2022
Physicians assess the neurological examination and MRI to determine the stability of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Many times, new lesions will enhance with contrast, which represents new inflammation derived from immune cells moving from the blood into the central nervous system (brain and spine). If a patient has no new lesions, a physician will generally consider them stable and responding to therapy; interestingly, chronic, or older lesions are never considered in this assessment....
